Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Female and Male Reproductive System Worksheet
What is the function of the ovaries? To produce the ova and the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus? The fallopian tubes
What is the name of the lining of the uterus? endometrium
Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located. Fundus – is the uppermost top portion of the uterus. Body – is the middle portion. Cervix – is the neck-like portion that opens down towards the vagina or birth canal.
What is the female organ of copulation? Vagina
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
What is the male organ of copulation? penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male? In the urinary system it passes urine from the bladder to the external surface of the body. I the reproductive system it serves as a passageway for the semen to the outside of the body
What are the two functions of the testes? Production of sperm cells and secretion of an endocrine substance, the male sex hormone.
What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? scrotum
Why are the testes located outside the body? Because a temperature that is lower than that of the body in general is required for optimum maturation of the sperm cells.
Where do sperm mature? epididymis
What is the vas deferens? It is a small tube which connects the epididymis amd the ejaculatory duct.
What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? Seminal vesicles
What are the functions of the prostate gland? Secretes an alkaline fluid to keep the sperm mobile and protect them from the acid secretion of the female vagina. It also aids in netralizing the acid in the male urethra.
What is semen? Made up of sperm cells and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate and cowper’s glands.
What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus? The fallopian tubes
What is the name of the lining of the uterus? endometrium
Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located. Fundus – is the uppermost top portion of the uterus. Body – is the middle portion. Cervix – is the neck-like portion that opens down towards the vagina or birth canal.
What is the female organ of copulation? Vagina
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
What is the male organ of copulation? penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male? In the urinary system it passes urine from the bladder to the external surface of the body. I the reproductive system it serves as a passageway for the semen to the outside of the body
What are the two functions of the testes? Production of sperm cells and secretion of an endocrine substance, the male sex hormone.
What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? scrotum
Why are the testes located outside the body? Because a temperature that is lower than that of the body in general is required for optimum maturation of the sperm cells.
Where do sperm mature? epididymis
What is the vas deferens? It is a small tube which connects the epididymis amd the ejaculatory duct.
What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? Seminal vesicles
What are the functions of the prostate gland? Secretes an alkaline fluid to keep the sperm mobile and protect them from the acid secretion of the female vagina. It also aids in netralizing the acid in the male urethra.
What is semen? Made up of sperm cells and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate and cowper’s glands.
Basic Urine Anatomy
What are three functions of the kidneys? 1.)Filters all matter not just waste products. 2.)Selectively Reabsorbs all the substances that the body can make of use. 3.)Eliminates waste products from the blood in the form of urine.
What is the protective layer around the kidney? The peri-renal capsule
What is the outer layer of the kidney? The cortex
What is the urine collection system of the kidney? The medulla
What is the dilated end of the ureters called? The pelvis
What is the function of the bladder? To store urine
What transports urine in males? Females? Urethra: transports urine to the outside of the body, which also carries semen and is 7-8 inches long. In females, Urethra: which does the same thing, but doesn’t transport semen and is only 1.5-2 inches long.
What is the protective layer around the kidney? The peri-renal capsule
What is the outer layer of the kidney? The cortex
What is the urine collection system of the kidney? The medulla
What is the dilated end of the ureters called? The pelvis
What is the function of the bladder? To store urine
What transports urine in males? Females? Urethra: transports urine to the outside of the body, which also carries semen and is 7-8 inches long. In females, Urethra: which does the same thing, but doesn’t transport semen and is only 1.5-2 inches long.
Monday, November 26, 2007
Reproductive System Vocabulary
corpus luteum – structure that forms from the tissues of a ruptures ovarian follicle and secretes female hormones.
epididymis – Highly coiled tubule that leads from the seminiferous tubules of the testis to the vas deferens.
gonad – A sex cell-producing organ.
meiosis – A form of cell division that halves the genetic material, resulting in egg and sperm cells.
oocyte – An immature egg cell.
ovary – The primary reproductive organ of a female.
placenta – Structure attaching a fetus to the uterine wall, provinding a conduit to receive nutrients and excrete wastes.
scrotum – A pouch of skin that encloses the testes.
seminiferous tubule – Tubule within the testes where sperm cells form.
testis – Primary reproductive organ of a male.
vulva – The external reproductive parts of the female that surround the opening of the vagina.
blastocyst – An early stage of prenatal development that consists of a hollow ball of cells.
embryo – A prenatal stage of development after germ layers form but before the rudiments of all organs are present.
fetus – A human embryo after eight weeks of development.
implantation – The embedding of a cleavage embryo in the lining of the uterus.
lactation – production of milk from the mammary glands.
umbilical cord – Cord-like structure that connects the fetus to the placenta.
yolk sac – An extraembryonic membrane connected to the embryo by a long, narrow tube.
zygote – Cell produced by the fusion of an egg and sperm
ultrasound -
epididymis – Highly coiled tubule that leads from the seminiferous tubules of the testis to the vas deferens.
gonad – A sex cell-producing organ.
meiosis – A form of cell division that halves the genetic material, resulting in egg and sperm cells.
oocyte – An immature egg cell.
ovary – The primary reproductive organ of a female.
placenta – Structure attaching a fetus to the uterine wall, provinding a conduit to receive nutrients and excrete wastes.
scrotum – A pouch of skin that encloses the testes.
seminiferous tubule – Tubule within the testes where sperm cells form.
testis – Primary reproductive organ of a male.
vulva – The external reproductive parts of the female that surround the opening of the vagina.
blastocyst – An early stage of prenatal development that consists of a hollow ball of cells.
embryo – A prenatal stage of development after germ layers form but before the rudiments of all organs are present.
fetus – A human embryo after eight weeks of development.
implantation – The embedding of a cleavage embryo in the lining of the uterus.
lactation – production of milk from the mammary glands.
umbilical cord – Cord-like structure that connects the fetus to the placenta.
yolk sac – An extraembryonic membrane connected to the embryo by a long, narrow tube.
zygote – Cell produced by the fusion of an egg and sperm
ultrasound -
The Digestive System Worksheet
What is the digestive tract? A long continuous tube with food first entering at the mouth.
What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? They continue along the tube until it exits the anus along with dead cells.
Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? The teeth and tongue start the digestion process by breaking down the food.
What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? bolus
What triggers peristalsis? The presence of bolus in the esophagus
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? ? It closes the entrance of the stomach.
What is the mucous membrane? It is a coating over the stomach wall that prevents digestion of itself.
How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet long
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestines.
What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Small finger-like projections called villi
What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? Duodenum. Their receptors detect the presence of hypo and hyper tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chyme.
Where is bile stored? It is stored in the gallbladder.
What is segmentation? A type of muscle contraction.
When does the ileocecal sphincter open? It opens when the build up of food in the small intestines reaches a certain point.
What is the function of the anal sphincter? It stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
What is the function of the appendix in humans? It serves no function in man. Sometimes gets infected(removed).
Where does digestion begin? In the mouth
What is gastric juice made of? Hydrochloric acids and enzymes.
Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? Pancreas and intestinal glands.
What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? Amylase – completes the process of hydrolyzing starch. Lactase – breaks down lactose. Maltase – breaks down maltose. Sucrase – breaks down surcrose.
There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. Some substances diffuse across the intestinal membrane and into the blood by flowing along the concentration gradient. Other substances must be forced through the membrane against a gradient, since their concentration in the blood is already greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? They continue along the tube until it exits the anus along with dead cells.
Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? The teeth and tongue start the digestion process by breaking down the food.
What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? bolus
What triggers peristalsis? The presence of bolus in the esophagus
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? ? It closes the entrance of the stomach.
What is the mucous membrane? It is a coating over the stomach wall that prevents digestion of itself.
How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet long
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestines.
What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Small finger-like projections called villi
What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? Duodenum. Their receptors detect the presence of hypo and hyper tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chyme.
Where is bile stored? It is stored in the gallbladder.
What is segmentation? A type of muscle contraction.
When does the ileocecal sphincter open? It opens when the build up of food in the small intestines reaches a certain point.
What is the function of the anal sphincter? It stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
What is the function of the appendix in humans? It serves no function in man. Sometimes gets infected(removed).
Where does digestion begin? In the mouth
What is gastric juice made of? Hydrochloric acids and enzymes.
Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? Pancreas and intestinal glands.
What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? Amylase – completes the process of hydrolyzing starch. Lactase – breaks down lactose. Maltase – breaks down maltose. Sucrase – breaks down surcrose.
There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. Some substances diffuse across the intestinal membrane and into the blood by flowing along the concentration gradient. Other substances must be forced through the membrane against a gradient, since their concentration in the blood is already greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
Part 2(Project)
Part 2
1. How does the flu build a resistance to drug treatment? The bird flu builds a resistance because the more that doctors prescribe anti-viral drugs the more that the flu gets immune to it. The flu strands that survive then reproduce and evolve off of the drugs. The U.S. government's preparation for a flu pandemic includes stockpiling Tamiflu and Relenza, and funding development of new anti-flu drugs.
2. Why is the build up of resistance to an anti-flu drug referred to as evolving? It is referred to as evolving because the more they use then the virus might survive and become MORE immune to that drug. The flu virus is known for changing the form.
3. This article named Tamiflu and Relenza as anti-flu medications. How do these drugs "get rid" of the flu virus? The drugs fight off the virus by increasing the amount off white cells.
4. Can antibiotics be prescribed to treat the flu? Why or Why not? No antibodies can not be used to treat the flu. The flu is a virus and viruses are not alive. Antibodies can only kill living bacteria.
1. How does the flu build a resistance to drug treatment? The bird flu builds a resistance because the more that doctors prescribe anti-viral drugs the more that the flu gets immune to it. The flu strands that survive then reproduce and evolve off of the drugs. The U.S. government's preparation for a flu pandemic includes stockpiling Tamiflu and Relenza, and funding development of new anti-flu drugs.
2. Why is the build up of resistance to an anti-flu drug referred to as evolving? It is referred to as evolving because the more they use then the virus might survive and become MORE immune to that drug. The flu virus is known for changing the form.
3. This article named Tamiflu and Relenza as anti-flu medications. How do these drugs "get rid" of the flu virus? The drugs fight off the virus by increasing the amount off white cells.
4. Can antibiotics be prescribed to treat the flu? Why or Why not? No antibodies can not be used to treat the flu. The flu is a virus and viruses are not alive. Antibodies can only kill living bacteria.
Thursday, November 8, 2007
Part 1(Project)
Part 1
Summary
This Article strongly relates to the immune system because chicken pox is a virus that changes forms. Even though it seems to be the same disease it really has evolved or has changed in some way. The flu is one of the best examples for this. Usually your body destroys the virus or infection and it remembers the virus so that you don’t catch it again and again. BUT, sometimes your body has short-term memory in which it forgets the virus. Once the virus is forgotten then your body will no longer produce the antibodies needed to fight it off easily the next time you catch it.
Reaction
This article is very accurate and learning friendly. I learned a few things my-self concerning the chicken pox and herpes. And also about where it hides when your immune system controls it. Its really nice to see how your body gets rid of all your problems but its also really bad to see that some of the problems that you might obtain, can never be cured.
Summary
This Article strongly relates to the immune system because chicken pox is a virus that changes forms. Even though it seems to be the same disease it really has evolved or has changed in some way. The flu is one of the best examples for this. Usually your body destroys the virus or infection and it remembers the virus so that you don’t catch it again and again. BUT, sometimes your body has short-term memory in which it forgets the virus. Once the virus is forgotten then your body will no longer produce the antibodies needed to fight it off easily the next time you catch it.
Reaction
This article is very accurate and learning friendly. I learned a few things my-self concerning the chicken pox and herpes. And also about where it hides when your immune system controls it. Its really nice to see how your body gets rid of all your problems but its also really bad to see that some of the problems that you might obtain, can never be cured.
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