Study Questions

Distinguish between the study of anatomy and the study of physiology.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and Physiology is the study of the functions of the body parts.
Give an example that shows the relationship between the structure and function of body parts. The stomach is a J-shaped, pouch-like organ, and it also stores food.
List the levels of organization within the human body in reference to a specific organ. Heart – circulatory system – muscle cells.
Distinguish between a midsagittal cut, a transverse cut, and a frontal cut. A midsagittal cut makes a line of symmetry, a transverse cut, cuts body into top and bottom halves, and frontal cut, cuts body into front and back.
Distinguish between dorsal and ventral body cavities, and name two smaller cavities that occur within each. Dorsal cavity – is the cavity in the back; contains cranial cavity and spinal cavity. Ventral cavity – the cavity in the front; contains thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity.
Define homeostasis, and explain its importance. Homeostasis means that the human body’s internal environment remains relatively constant. It is important because it is really what helps us stay and keeps us alive.
Objective Questions
Thyroid gland – g (endocrine system)
lungs – c (respiratory system)
heart – d (circulatory system)
ovaries – e (reproductive system)
brain – f (nervous system)
stomach – a (digestive system
kidneys – b (urinary system)
A(n) cell is composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function.
The imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body is called the transverse plane.
All the organ systems of the body together function to maintain homeostasis, a relative constancy of the internal environment.
Medical Terminology Reinforcement
Gastrectomy means excision of the stomach.
Macrocephalus means large head.
Transthorasic means across the chest.
Bilateral means two or both sides
Dorsalgia means pain in the back
Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system.
Study Questions
Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic reticulum forms a membranous system of tubular canals and branches throughout the cytoplasm
Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. Mention vesicles and lysosomes in your description.
Describe the structure of mitochondria mention the energy molecule ATP in yoyr description. It produces ATP molecules, burns glucose to produce ATP.
Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, and filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane. Active is movement that requires energy, passive just happens on its own.
Objective Questions:
Part 1
Packaging and secretion – golgi apparatus
Cell division - centriole
Powerhouse of the cell – mitochondria
Protein synthesis – Rough ER
Control center of the cell – Nucleus
Objective Questions pg. 61
What is a tissue – a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function.
What are the functions of epithelial tissue, and give location for each – protects the body from drying out, injury, and bacterial invasion.
What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue and give a location for each – binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces produce blood cells and stores fat.
What types of cells does nervous tissue contain? Which organs in the body are made up of nervous tissue? Found in the brain and spinal cord and contains conducting cells called neutrons.